A greenhouse is an environment where plants, such as flowers and vegetables, are cultivated. It utilizes solar radiation to warm the interior, including the plants, soil, and structure, thereby protecting crops from various diseases, particularly soil-borne pathogens and those spread by rain splash. The greenhouse effect is a natural and beneficial phenomenon for agriculture. However, many farmers struggle to achieve optimal profits from greenhouse crops due to difficulties in managing two critical factors: temperature and humidity, which are essential for plant growth and productivity. Maintaining appropriate greenhouse temperature and humidity levels is crucial, as low temperatures and high humidity can lead to issues such as crop transpiration, condensation on surfaces, and water evaporation from the soil.

To address these challenges, this project introduces a greenhouse monitoring and control system. The system is designed and implemented using various sensors for comprehensive environmental monitoring and control within the greenhouse. It is powered by an Atmega328 microcontroller and includes a temperature sensor, light sensor, soil moisture sensor, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor, LCD display module, 12V DC fan, bulb, and pump.

The system functions as follows: the temperature sensor monitors temperature levels; if the temperature rises too high, the DC fan is activated, and if it falls too low, the fan is deactivated. The soil moisture sensor detects the water level in the soil; when the moisture level drops, the pump is activated to irrigate the soil. The LDR sensor detects the absence of light and turns on the bulb. This automated system simplifies the process of monitoring and controlling the greenhouse environment, thereby enhancing productivity and efficiency.